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The exilic geographies of the South by Benjamin N. Lawrance and Vusumuzi R. Kumalo

In August 1960, Dugmore Boetie fled South Africa and entered Bechuanaland (present day Botswana) on foot. He was part of a flow of “discontented young men” that included the otherwise unfamiliar Johannes Moeng, Jacob Lesabeer, Spencer Tlhole, and Victor Vuysine Vinjike, observed by colonial intelligence agents.

Language

Mokopane also known as Potgieterus

Mokopane is also known as Potgietersrus. This is a Town in the Limpopo Province, of South Africa. The Town was established in 1852 by the Voortrekkers who named it: 'Potgietersrus', after their leader Piet Potgieter. In 2003 the name was changed to Mokopane in honour of the local chief Makapan. Who was the Chief during the the Matabele Wars 1836-1896.  Mokopane is the Northern Sotho form of the king’s name, even though the majority language in the Area is Northern Sotho. Five kingdoms in the vicinity of the Town are Kekana (Moshate), Langa (Mapela), Lebelo (Garasvlei) and Langa (Bakenburg). It is sometimes still referred to as Potgietersrus or “Potties”. Two hours from Gauteng by road, the Town acts as a getaway destination and as a stop-over for travelers en route to Botswana, Zimbabwe and Kruger National Park. The Area is typically Bushveld, with many Vachellia and Senegalia trees (part of the acacia genus). As well as aloes, which blooms in June and July. The Zebediela Citrus Estate, 55 km to the Southeast, is one of the largest Citrus Farms, in the Southern Hemisphere. This Farm was returned to the Bjatladi Community under the Land Reform Process, in 2003. There is a wide variety of accommodation options available in Mokopane from guest houses, bed and breakfasts to self-catering units.
Geolocation
-24° 11' 9.6", 28° 57' 32.4"
References
https://dbpedia.org/page/Mokopane https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/zebediela-citrus-estate-beneficiaries-up-in-arms-over-alleged-financial-malfeasance-20220902 https://www.waterberg-information.co.za/region/town/673

Atlantis

Atlantis was created in the early 1970's as a “model industrial node”, within the framework of Apartheid spatial Development Policies. These policies were designed to physically separate and divide South Africans along racial lines. Atlantis was developed for people designated as ‘coloured’ under Apartheid law and was situated 45 km North of the Cape Town – far from the City centre, where most of the jobs were in those days.

Before 1973, this Area was characterised by sand dunes and not much else! In order to attract people to this new Town, people were promised housing and jobs. People designated as ‘coloured’ who had been displaced from various Areas of Cape Town during Forced Removals, or who wanted to escape overcrowded conditions in Areas they were living, came to Atlantis in the hope for a better life. A quote from C. Samuels, published in 'Grassroots, October 1980': “Ek het nou ‘n huis gekry in Atlantis en dit is baie ver. Ek wil nie soontoe trek nie want dit is ver van my mense en werk. Wat kan ek maak. Ek moet gaan vir ‘n dak, dis al hoop vir my. Ek wil weet hoekom hul ‘n township so ver van die Kaap gebou het.” Population of Atlantis grew to 30 000 in the 80's and to just over 67 000 in 2011. A major issue for people moving to Atlantis, was its complete isolation from the rest of Cape Town. Atlantis’s success as an industrial node to provide jobs to attract ‘coloured’ people to the Town, depended on huge Government support. The Government invested approximately R1,5 billion in the project. To attract businesses, it offered incentives such as:'low-cost loans for Land purchases and Buildings; a reduction in company taxes; grants for relocation costs, railway discounts and housing for staff'. More than 100 Companies made use of the incentives to relocate to Atlantis. Particularly common were Light Industrial and Manufacturing industries who could easily relocate without substantial investment. The biggest employer, Atlantis Diesel Engine (ADE), was established in 1979 and employed more than 2 300 people. (link is obtainable in Further Reading)

Geolocation
-33° 32' 31.2", 18° 24' 28.8"
References
https://www.capetownmuseum.org.za/places/atlantis

Mokopane- also known as Potgietersrus

Mokopane is also known as Potgietersrus. This is a Town in the Limpopo Province, of South Africa. The Town was established in 1852 by the Voortrekkers who named it: 'Potgietersrus', after their leader Piet Potgieter. In 2003 the name was changed to Mokopane in honour of the local chief Makapan. Who was the Chief during the the Matabele Wars 1836-1896.  Mokopane is the Northern Sotho form of the king’s name, even though the majority language in the Area is Northern Sotho. Five kingdoms in the vicinity of the Town are Kekana (Moshate), Langa (Mapela), Lebelo (Garasvlei) and Langa (Bakenburg). It is sometimes still referred to as: 'Potgietersrus' or “Potties”. Two hours from Gauteng by road, the Town acts as a getaway destination and as a stop-over for travelers en route to Botswana, Zimbabwe and Kruger National Park.

The Area is typically Bushveld, with many Vachellia and Senegalia trees (part of the acacia genus). As well as aloes, which blooms in June and July. The Zebediela Citrus Estate, 55 km to the Southeast, is one of the largest Citrus Farms, in the Southern Hemisphere. This Farm was returned to the Bjatladi Community under the Land Reform Process, in 2004. There is a wide variety of accommodation options available in Mokopane from guest houses, bed and breakfasts to self-catering units.

Geolocation
-24° 11' 9.6", 28° 42' 50.4"
References
https://dbpedia.org/page/Mokopane https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/zebediela-citrus-estate-beneficiaries-up-in-arms-over-alleged-financial-malfeasance-20220902 https://www.waterberg-information.co.za/region/town/673

Mhlathuze River

The Battle of Mhlatuze River was a battle fought between the Zulu and Ndwandwe tribes in 1820, following the Zulu Civil War. The Ndwandwe hierarchy was a largely scattered population after this Battle. The Ndwandwe, with the Mthethwa, were a significant power in present-day Zululand, at the turn of the Nineteenth Century. Under the leadership of King Zwide, the Ndwandwe Nation destroyed the Mthethwa under their king Dingiswayo, and the power vacuum was filled by Shaka Zulu and the Zulu tribe. Zwide makes a mistake by thinking that he can surprise Shaka, and hastily sends off his much greater army to fight the Zulu. In one mighty battle, Soshangana and Zwangendaba fight for Zwide and the Ndwandwe. They faced Shaka, and Mzilikazi (Zwide’s grandson) and Dingane are two of his officers.
Geolocation
-28° 44' 27.6", 31° 26' 13.2"
References
https://saheritagepublishers.co.za/product/battle-of-mhlatuze-river/

Richards Bay

Once a little fishing Village, Richards Bay is now a busy Harbour Town and popular KwaZulu-Natal Holiday Destination. Where one can enjoy activities like: 'Swimming; Surfing or Bird Watching'. It was also had a Temporary Harbour during the Anglo Boer War of 1879. Richards Bay was named after; British naval Commander Admiral Sir Frederick William Richards. He had landed troops on the Zululand Coast in 1879. After this event, Richards Bay went from small fishing Village to a major Port, opened in 1976. Richards Bay now boasts one the largest Coal Export Terminals, in the Africa. (It loads 65 Million Tons every Year making it the largest in Africa.) The terminal is owned by the Richards Bay Coal Terminal Company Ltd, a consortium of shareholding coal and coal logistics Companies. (The specialised Ships, are a must-see for Maritime buffs!) Richards Bay also offers some of the most spectacular Wetland scenery and unspoilt Beaches. The Zululand Birding Route includes Richards Bay Harbour and the Game Reserve, known also as New Mouth. The Area of Richards Bay covers: Sandbanks; Mud Flats; extensive Mangroves; Freshwater Pans and Forest Areas. Avid, Bird Watchers can spot a number of rarities such as the Cuckoo Hawk and Pygmy Goose. New Mouth, features a number of Water Birds as well as Hippos and Crocodiles. During the formalising of Richards Bay, a Sanctuary was created on the Southern side on the Mhlatuze River which includes the Estuary. This Area has become one of the most important Estuarine Habitats, on the Zululand Coast! The large Marina provides a nursery for Fish, Crustaceans and a variety of Marine and Aquatic Organisms.
Geolocation
-28° 46' 40.8", 31° 59' 31.2"

Vereeniging, a City in Gauteng

Vereeniging is a City, in Gauteng Province of South Africa. It has a population of more than 350,000 people. It is located on the banks of the Northern loop of the Vaal River. The name Vereeniging is derived from the Afrikaans/Dutch word meaning "association" or "union". The City was founded in 1892 and much of its early growth was due to the nearby coal Mines.

The City is well known for being the location where the Treaty of Vereeniging ending the Second Boer War (1899-1902) was negotiated. During this conflict, a Concentration Camp was set up by the British military in the Area. Nearby Vereeniging is Sharpeville. The Site of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960. Although named after Vereeniging, the Treaty of Vereeniging was actually signed at Melrose House, Pretoria. Vereeniging falls within an Area known as the Vaal Triangle about 60 kilometres from Johannesburg - a roughly triangular, essentially Rural Area. Bounded by Vereeniging, Vanderbijlpark and Sasolburg. From 1961-1972 F.W. de Klerk practiced as an attorney in Vereeniging. During this time, he played an active part in Nationalist Party politics and in local educational affairs. He was offered the chair of Administrative Law at Potchefstroom University, but declined the position when he was elected Member of Parliament for Vereeniging in November 1972.

South African legend Leon Schuster, become a movie favourite in most homes, because of his funny personality! Leon Schuster, a comedian, actor, singer, and film director, was born on 21 May 1951 in Vereeniging. Bles Bridges, a well known Afrikaans country singer, also stayed in Vereeniging, until his death in 2000.

The Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden (previously known as the Witwatersrand National Botanical Garden). A 3 Kilometers Squared Botanical Reserve, in the Vaal Triangle. It was formally established in 1982 and is one of the youngest of South Africa's National Botanical Gardens, but the site where it is located has been popular with visitors for many decades before that. The garden is home to a well known pair of Verreaux's eagles that nest in the Roodekrans ridge which intersects the reserve. The garden has a restaurant, gift shop and nursery which sells South African native plants (the nursery closed March 2015). The Garden has been recognized as one of the most beautiful botanical gardens in the world.

Geolocation
-26° 36' 25.2", 27° 47' 9.6"
References
http://www.gautenghappenings.co.za/vereeniging_homepage.htm https://www.sa-venues.com/maps/gauteng/vereeniging.php