Responses by black women to race and gender dynamics under South Africa apartheid with special reference to the Black Consciousness Movement

Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Stellenbosch. Black women's oppression under apartheid was based on four interacting forces: race, class, gender and nationality. Although this rendered their status in both feminist and anti-apartheid policies unique, it was never addressed as such. The national liberation movement defined women's role in the struggle in male dominated terms and did not acknowledge 'gender' as a legitimate political issue until the 1980s.